Phase One: The Initial Steps

Warrants: This is an official document issued by a judge that allows law enforcement to perform a specific action, such as making an arrest or searching a property.

Arrest: This is when an individual is taken into custody by law enforcement, typically because they are suspected of committing a crime.

Bond: After an arrest, the accused may be given an option to pay a bond – a set amount of money – to secure their release from custody until their court date.

Accusation/Indictment: This is a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime. An indictment is typically issued by a grand jury, while an accusation can be made by a prosecutor.

Phase Two: The Court Proceedings

Arraignment: This is the first court appearance for the accused. During the arraignment, the charges are read, and the defendant is asked to enter a plea.

Discovery: This is the process where both the defense and prosecution share evidence and information relevant to the case.

Motions: These are formal requests made to the court, asking for specific actions or decisions. For example, a motion to suppress evidence or a motion for a change of venue.

Plea/Trial: The accused can either enter a plea (guilty, not guilty, or no contest) or choose to go to trial. If a trial is chosen, the case will be presented before a judge or jury.

Phase Three: After the Verdict

Post Conviction Relief: This is a legal procedure where the convicted individual seeks relief from their conviction, often due to errors made during the trial or new evidence.

Record Restriction: This process limits who can view an individual’s criminal record, ensuring that past mistakes don’t hinder future opportunities.

Sealing: This is the legal process of sealing or erasing criminal records, making it as if the crime never occurred in the eyes of the law.